Which of the following was a significant factor in the rise of Nigerian nationalism in the early 20th century?

Indirect rule allowed Nigerians to keep their traditional leaders and customs. This system made people think about self-governance within their own culture. It sparked feelings of nationalism across the country.

The Atlantic Charter came much later in 1941. The Berlin Conference divided Africa but didn’t directly cause Nigerian nationalism. Assimilation tried to make Africans British, which wasn’t the main policy used in Nigeria.

Indirect rule unintentionally planted seeds of independence. By preserving local authority, it helped Nigerians imagine ruling themselves completely.