Which of the following statements is true about the conduction and valence bands of a semiconductor?

Source: JAMB · 2023

Which of the following statements is true about the conduction and valence bands of a semiconductor?

  1. The conduction band is always empty, while the valence band is always full.
  2. The conduction band is always full, while the valence band is always empty.
  3. The conduction band and the valence band can overlap.
  4. The conduction band and the valence band are always separated by a finite energy gap. ✓
Explanation

A semiconductor has a small but definite energy gap between the valence band and the conduction band. Electrons must gain energy to jump across it.

In metals the bands overlap, which is not true for semiconductors. The bands are not always empty or full, because heat moves some electrons up. So the answer is that they are always separated by a finite energy gap.

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