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Diffraction is the spreading of waves when they pass through gaps or around obstacles. Most noticeable when gap size is similar to wavelength.

Sound diffracts easily (long wavelength) – you can hear around corners. Light diffracts very little (short wavelength) – shadows have sharp edges.

Single-slit diffraction creates central bright band with fainter bands either side. Diffraction gratings (many slits) separate light into spectra – used in spectrometers.