The capital of the Kanem-Borno Empire moved from Kanem to Borno primarily due to

Environmental degradation around Lake Chad forced the capital move. The lake was shrinking and desertification increased. Borno offered better land and water resources for agriculture.

Invasions happened but weren’t the main reason for moving. Internal conflicts existed but environmental pressures were more critical. Religion stayed consistent between both locations.

Climate change has affected Lake Chad for centuries. The capital move shows how environment shapes political decisions.