The Yoruba city-state of Ibadan rose to prominence in the 19th century primarily due to

Ibadan became powerful through military strength in the 1800s. Its warriors won battles against neighboring cities. Strong military leaders expanded Ibadan’s influence across Yorubaland.

Trade routes helped cities like Oyo and Ilorin, not Ibadan. No gold was discovered in Ibadan. Education centers developed later after the city was already prominent.

Military power shaped Yoruba politics during the 19th century wars. Ibadan’s success came from battlefield victories, not commerce or learning.