Which of the following is NOT part of the marketing mix?

Source: JAMB · 2024

Which of the following is NOT part of the marketing mix?

  1. place
  2. price
  3. personnel ✓
  4. promotion
Explanation

The 4Ps of marketing are Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. Personnel is not one of them.

Some extended models include People, but the basic 4Ps do not include personnel.

Product, Price, Place, Promotion are the core elements of the marketing mix.

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