Which of the following statements best describes courtship behaviors in animals?

Courtship behaviour is the set of signals animals use before mating — displays, calls, dances, colours, scents and gifts of food. Its purpose is to attract a mate of the same species, show that the animal is healthy and ready to breed, and help each partner judge whether the other is a good choice.

Both sexes take part. Males often do the showy work — a peacock spreading his tail, a frog calling at night, a bird singing — but the female is not passive. She inspects the display, responds with her own signals such as posture, calls or movements, and finally accepts or refuses. In many birds the pair even perform a joint dance together. That is why the description covering displays and rituals by both males and females is the best one.

The other statements are each too narrow. It is not mainly the female attracting the male, since in most species the male displays more. It is not fighting between males either — that is rivalry or competition, which may happen alongside courtship but is aimed at other males, not at winning over the mate. And establishing dominance in a group is about social rank, not about pairing for reproduction.