Seku Amadu initiated a jihad in the early 19th century and established the Massina Empire. His jihad was primarily against

Note: The marked answer appears incorrect. Seku Amadu’s jihad was primarily against the Bambara kingdoms and local animist rulers, not the Sokoto Caliphate. He was actually inspired by Sokoto, not fighting against it.

The Bambara Kingdoms practiced traditional religions, making them targets for Islamic reform. French forces came later. The Asante Empire was in Ghana, far from Massina.

Seku Amadu and Sokoto had similar goals of Islamic purification. They were allies in spirit, not enemies.