Which Islamic reform leader established the Massina Empire in present-day Mali?

Ahmad Lobbo (also called Seku Amadu) founded the Massina Empire in 1818. He established an Islamic state in present-day Mali. His empire followed strict Islamic law called Sharia.

Usman dan Fodio created the Sokoto Caliphate in Nigeria, not Mali. Al-Hajj Umar Tal built the Toucouleur Empire in different areas. Muhammad Bello was Usman’s son who ruled Sokoto.

The Massina Empire was part of West Africa’s Islamic reform movement. Ahmad Lobbo wanted a purely Islamic government based on religious principles.