What does the term “data normalization” refer to in database design?

Normalization organizes database tables to eliminate duplicate data. It breaks information into logical groups to reduce repetition. This prevents inconsistencies when updating data.

Encryption secures data but isn’t normalization. Indexing speeds up searches. Binary conversion is how computers store all data internally.

Normalized databases are easier to maintain and update. Changes in one place automatically reflect everywhere without creating conflicts.