Benzene can be converted to its derivative toluene by the addition of a methyl group. The reaction i

Electrophilic substitution occurs when a new group replaces a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring. The methyl group substitutes for one hydrogen to form toluene.

Benzene has a stable ring structure that resists breaking apart. Instead of adding groups across double bonds, benzene replaces hydrogen atoms while keeping its ring intact.

The reaction uses a catalyst to help the methyl group attack the electron-rich benzene ring. This substitution preserves the aromatic ring system that makes benzene special.