Catalytic hydrogenation of oils results in the production of

Oils (like vegetable oil, groundnut oil, or palm oil) are unsaturated fats. This means their molecules contain carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C). Because of these double bonds, oils are liquid at room temperature.

Catalytic hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen gas (H₂) to the double bonds in oils. A nickel catalyst is used at about 180°C to speed up the reaction. The hydrogen breaks the C=C double bonds and converts them into C−C single bonds, making the fat saturated.

When oils become saturated, they change from liquid to solid or semi-solid at room temperature. This solid product is called margarine. Margarine is used as a cheaper substitute for butter in cooking and baking.

Soaps are made by a different process called saponification, where fats react with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Detergents are synthetic cleaning agents made from petroleum products. Alkanes are simple saturated hydrocarbons, not the product of hydrogenating oils. So the correct answer is margarine.