The probability that a teacher will give an unannounced test during any class meeting is 1/5. If a student is absent twice, then the probability that…
The probability that a teacher will give an unannounced test during any class meeting is 1/5. If a student is absent twice, then the probability that the student will miss at least one test is
Explanation
Companies raise capital through shares (equity) and loans (debt). Share capital: issued shares × nominal value. Share premium: amount received above nominal value. Reserves: retained profits and other gains.
Profit distribution: taxation first, then dividends to shareholders. Dividend policy balances shareholder returns against retaining funds for growth. Not all profit is distributed; some is retained.
Annual reports include: directors report, auditors report, financial statements. Public companies must publish accounts. Corporate governance rules ensure accountability to shareholders.