Explanation

Nigerian constitutional development: Clifford (1922) – introduced elective principle for Lagos and Calabar. Richards (1946) – regional councils, first steps toward federalism.

Macpherson (1951) – more Nigerian participation, central legislature. Lyttleton (1954) – federal structure with three regions, each with own government.

Independence Constitution (1960) – parliamentary system, Queen as head of state. Republican Constitution (1963) – president as ceremonial head, prime minister as executive.