Explanation

Vegetative propagation is when new plants grow from parts of a parent plant without seeds. Roots, stems, or leaves can develop into complete new plants. This method creates exact copies of the parent plant with identical genes.

Examples include potato tubers sprouting new plants, strawberry runners spreading across ground, and cuttings from rose stems growing roots. Farmers use this method to quickly produce many identical plants. The new plants are genetically the same as the parent.

Fertilization and pollination are parts of sexual reproduction that involve combining male and female cells. Seed dispersal spreads seeds made through sexual reproduction. Only vegetative propagation creates new plants without involving sex cells or seeds.