Explanation

Soil types are classified by particle size. Sandy soil has large particles with good drainage but low water retention. Clay soil has tiny particles with high water retention but poor drainage. Loam is a balanced mixture ideal for farming.

Soil texture affects: water holding capacity, aeration, nutrient retention, and workability. Farmers can improve soil by adding organic matter (compost), which helps both sandy and clay soils.

Soil structure refers to how particles clump together. Good structure has stable aggregates with spaces for air and water. Compaction destroys structure and harms root growth.