Explanation

Biotic factors are living components of an ecosystem. In agriculture: crops, weeds, pests (insects, rodents), beneficial insects (pollinators, predators), soil organisms (earthworms, bacteria), and livestock.

Examples of biotic factors: grasshoppers eating crops, bees pollinating flowers, nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legume roots, birds eating pest insects.

Managing biotic factors is central to farming – encouraging beneficial organisms while controlling harmful ones through integrated pest management.